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peptoid nanosheet
In nanobiotechnology, a peptoid nanosheet is a synthetic protein structure made from peptoids. Peptoid nanosheets have a thickness of about three nanometers and a length of up to 100 micrometers, meaning that they have a two-dimensional, flat shape that resembles paper on the nanoscale.〔Nam, K.T., Shelby, S.A., Choi, P.H., Marciel, A.B., Chen, R., Tan, L., Chu, T.K., Mesch, R.A., Lee, B., Connolly, M.D., Kisielowski, C., Zuckermann, R.N. “Free-floating ultrathin two-dimensional crystals from sequence-specific peptoid polymers” Nat. Mater. 9(5), 464-460 (2010).〕
This makes them one of the thinnest known two-dimensional organic crystalline materials with an area to thickness ratio of greater than 109 nm. Peptoid nanosheets were discovered in the laboratory of Dr. Ron Zuckermann at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in 2010. Due to the ability to customize peptoids and therefore the properties of the peptoid nanosheet, it has possible applications in the areas of drug and small molecule delivery and biosensing.
==Synthesis==
For assembly, a purified amphiphilic polypeptoid of specific sequence is dissolved in aqueous solution.〔Kudirka, R., Tran, H., Sanii, B., Nam, K.T., Choi, P.H., Venkateswaran, N., Chen, R., Whitelam, S., Zuckermann, R.N. “Folding of a single-chain, information-rich polypeptoid sequence into a highly ordered nanosheet” Pept. Sci. 96, 586-595 (2011).〕 These form a monolayer (Langmuir–Blodgett film) on the air-water interface with their hydrophobic side chains oriented in air and hydrophilic side chains in the water. When this mono-layer is shrunk, it buckles into a bilayer with the hydrophobic groups forming the interior core of the peptoid nanosheet.〔Sanii, B., Kudirka, R., Cho, A., Venkateswaran, N., Olivier, G.K., Olson, A.M., Tran, H., Harada, R.M., Tan, L., Zuckermann, R.N. “Shaken, not stirred: collapsing a peptoid monolayer to produce free-floating, stable nanosheets” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 20808–20815 (2011).〕 This method has been standardized in the Zuckermann laboratory by repetitively tilting vials of peptoid solution at 85° before returning the vials to the upright position. This repetitive vial “rocking” motion lessens the interfacial area of the air-water interface inside the vial, compressing the peptoid mono-layer by a factor of four and causing the mono-layer to buckle into peptoid nanosheets. Using this method, nanosheets are produced in high yield, and 95% of the peptoid polymer starting material is efficiently converted into peptoid nanosheets after rocking the vials several hundred times.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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